DEFINITION
Indirect speech is a report on what someone else said or wrote without using that person’s exact words (which is called direct speech). It’s also called indirect discourseor reported speech.
Direct vs. Indirect Speech
In direct speech, a person’s exact words are placed in quotation marks and set off with a comma and a reporting clause or signal phrase, such as “said” or “asked.” In fiction writing, using direct speech can display the emotion of an important scene in vivid detail through the words themselves as well as the description of how something was said. In nonfiction writing or journalism, direct speech can emphasize a particular point, by using a source’s exact words.
Indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. In writing, it functions to move a piece along by boiling down points that an interview source made. Unlike direct speech, indirect speech is not usually placed inside quote marks. However, both are attributed to the speaker because they come directly from a source.
PATTERN & EXAMPLE
| Frasa dalam Kalimat Langsung | Frasa yang Setara dalam Kalimat Tidak Langsung |
|---|---|
| Simple present | Simple past |
| “I always drink coffee”, she said | She said that she always drank coffee. |
| Present continuous | Past continuous |
| “I am reading a book”, he explained. | He explained that he was reading a book |
| Simple past | Past perfect |
| “Bill arrived on Saturday”, he said. | He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday. |
| Present perfect | Past perfect |
| “I have been to Spain”, he told me. | He told me that he had been to Spain. |
| Past perfect | Past perfect |
| “I had just turned out the light,” he explained. | He explained that he had just turned out the light. |
| Present perfect continuous | Past perfect continuous |
| They complained, “We have been waiting for hours”. | They complained that they had been waiting for hours. |
| Past continuous | Past perfect continuous |
| “We were living in Paris”, they told me. | They told me that they had been living in Paris. |
| Future | Present conditional |
| “I will be in Geneva on Monday”, he said. | He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday. |
| Future continuous | Conditional continuous |
| She said, “I’ll be using the car next Friday”. | She said that she would be using the car next Friday. |
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