ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTIONS

DEFINITION

An absolute construction is a grammatical construction standing apart from a normal or usual syntactical relation with other words or sentence elements.

It can be a non-finite clause that is subordinate in form and modifies an entire sentence, an adjective or possessive pronoun standing alone without a modified substantive, or a transitive verb when its object is implied but not stated.

It often used to make a peculiar form of adverbial modifying phrase.

OFFERING – OFFERED – BEING OFFERED

A. Tears were streaming down her face, ...
      Tears streaming down her face, ...

B. The plot was discovered, ...
     The plot discovered, ...

C. The huge basket on her head did not seem to be heavy burden at all.
    The huge basket on her head not seemingly to be heavy burden at all. 

HAVING OFFERED – HAVING BEEN OFFERING – HAVING BEEN OFFERED

A. The floods had made the highway impassable, ...
     The floods having made the highway impassable, ... 

B. His knife had been treated by the doctor, ...
     His knife having been treated by the doctor, ... 

ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTION WITHOUT PARTICIPLE

A. The once busy factories are now completely idle, ...
     The once busy factories now completely idle, ... 

B. Her husband was out of work, ...
    Her husband out of work, ...

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